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Maurie Markman, MD, President, Medicine & Science at CTCA.
This page was updated on May 6, 2022.
Prostate cancer affects one in nine U.S. men. It is the second-most common cancer among men in the United States, behind skin cancer. The美国癌症协会（ACS）estimates that about 268,490 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed in 2022. While most prostate cancers are slow-growing, some are more aggressive. Approximately one in every 41 men diagnosed will die from the disease, according to the ACS. Black men are reportedly more prone to developing fast-growing prostate cancers that start causing problems earlier and are harder to treat. While a cancer diagnosis can be scary, prostate cancer has highsurvivor rates, especially when it’s caught and treated early.
一个t Cancer Treatment Centers of America®（（CTCA), our cancer hospitals treat prostate cancer with sophisticated tools like 4D radiation therapy, hormone therapy and immunotherapy. The prostate cancer experts at CTCA®将推荐全面、个性化的治疗ment plan specific to your diagnosis and individual needs. Each patient’s multidisciplinary care team works together under one roof, treating the prostate cancer while also helping patients manage side effects that may impact bowel, urinary and sexual function.
This overview will cover the basic facts about prostate cancer, including:
If you believe you may be experiencing symptoms of prostate cancer and want to schedule an appointment for diagnostic testing, or if you’re interested in a second opinion on your prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment plan,call usor线上聊天with a member of our team.
前列腺是位于膀胱下方和直肠前方的核桃大小的腺体。它围绕着尿道并产生一种有助于精液的物质，该精液是从睾丸中带有精子的液体。
Prostate cancer occurs when gene changes, or mutations, cause cells in the prostate to behave abnormally, and they start growing uncontrollably. Mutations may be passed down from parent to child (inherited mutations) or occur for other reasons over a lifetime (acquired mutations). About 10 percent of prostate cancers are thought to be related to inherited mutations, according to theACS。
Prostate cancer is rarely diagnosed in men younger than 40. Still, by age 50, it’s common for men to experience变化in the size and shape of the cells in the prostate. Understanding whether these changes are signs of a tumor and knowing your risk for developing prostate cancer are important steps in protecting your health.
Besides age, other risk factors for prostate cancer include:
"My experience was really positive because I sensed that everyone I interacted with truly cared about me. From the doctors, clinicians and nurses to the cafeteria workers, valet and custodial employees, I was treated with warmth and dignity. At CTCA, they knew I was as a patient, but they treated me like a family member. They wanted to see me get better; they wanted me to heal. "
In the early stages, prostate cancer usually doesn’t show symptoms. However, as prostate cancer grows, it may lead to:
Keep in mind that these symptoms may be caused by something other than prostate cancer. Patients who develop new or concerning symptoms should consult with their doctor orurologist。
一个lmost all prostate cancers—more than 99 percent—are adenocarcinomas.
This type of tumor is found in many common cancers, including breast cancer,lung cancerandcolorectal cancer。Prostate adenocarcinomas form in the glands that secrete prostate fluid.
其他前列腺癌类型包括：
由于前列腺癌的早期阶段通常不存在症状，因此通过常规筛查测试发现了许多病例。
Getting screened for prostate cancer is an individual decision. It may help to discuss the risks and benefits with a doctor.
Screening for prostate cancer usually involves the following tests:
如果其中任何一个都表明了前列腺癌的可能性，则医生通常在诊断之前进行其他检查。
The only way to know for sure whether a tumor is cancerous is by examining cells under a microscope, a procedure also known as a prostatebiopsy。
一个前列腺癌的诊断通常包括癌症的阶段,表示w far it has (or hasn’t) spread within the body. The stage of the cancer plays an integral role in determining the most appropriate course of action.
Factors that affect the stage of prostate cancer include:
决定前列腺癌治疗是患者和他的护理团队之间做出的个人决定。偏好，年龄，健康史和癌症阶段等因素都在决策过程中起作用。
治疗可能涉及这些选择的一种或组合：
Other therapies that are used less commonly, or are not considered standard treatment for prostate cancer, include:
Because prostate cancer treatments largely yield positive outcomes, the treatment decision for many patients is less about choosing a life-saving option and more about protecting their quality of life after treatment. After a prostatectomy, a surgical procedure that removes the prostate, for example, some men experienceurinary incontinenceand erectile dysfunction, while radiation treatment may impact the patient’s fertility.
这就是为什么每个前列腺癌患者都可以作为治疗计划的一部分获得个性化的支持护理疗法的原因。例如，经历性健康挑战的患者将在他们的护理团队中有性健康专家，帮助他们采取策略来改善生活质量。每日勃起功能障碍（ED）药物，例如西地那非（伟哥®）或Tadafil（Cialis®），可以开处方以扩张血管，从而增加流向阴茎的血液流动。同时，在手术前经历了勃起功能障碍的男性可能会从阴茎泵中受益，从而获得或保持勃起。
癌症专家的多学科护理团队还将与患者合作，以预防或克服尿失禁或肠功能丧失，帮助他们制定诸如进行骨盆底锻炼以恢复功能或推荐吸收垫等产品之类的策略，以帮助泄漏。
在CTCA，治疗癌症不仅仅是治疗疾病。它需要一种整体方法来治疗整个患者。
支持护理therapies that may be recommended to help prostate patients stay strong and maintain their quality of life include:
